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Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu
The modern Hindi language and Urdu language are mutually intelligible in colloquial form, but use different scripts when written, and have mutually unintelligible literary forms. The history of Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu is closely linked, with the early translators of "Hindustani" simply producing the same version with different fonts.
The first translation of part of the Bible in Hindi, Genesis, was made in manuscript by Benjamin Schultze (1689-1760),〔Gerald H. Anderson ''Biographical dictionary of Christian missions''〕 a German Missionary, who arrived in India to establish an English mission in 1726 and worked on completing Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg's Bible translations into Tamil and then Bible translations into Telugu.〔''Herald of library science'' Volume 11 Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science - 1972 "In 1773, Ferguson's Hindoostani dictionary was published from London. According to Dr L.S. Varshaney, the first translation of the Bible in Hindi appeared in 1725 which was translated by Schultze."〕 His translation of parts of Genesis was published in Halle in 1745 along with a grammar of the local Hindi language he had encountered in Madras.
==Hindi==
As with Bible translations into Bengali (his own work), and into Oriya, Sanskrit, Marathi, and Assamese (with the aid of local scholars) an important early stage of the Hindi Bible rests with the work of William Carey in Serampore.〔George Kurian The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization, 4 Volume Set - 2011 - Page 378 "With the aid of Indian pandits, Carey translated the entire Bible into six Indian languages – Bengali, Oriya, Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, and Assamese – and parts of it into 29 other languages.〕 Though this had to be revised by John Parsons of Monghyr.〔Bihar district gazetteers: Volume 7; Volume 7 1957 "Carey at Serampur had translated the whole of Bible in Hindi by the end of 1819. Carey's translation, however, was rather heavy and had to be re-done which John Parsons was supposed to have done."〕 Carey attracted also the interest of Henry Martyn, later of Persia, to Hindi.〔''Indian church history review'' Volumes 27-32 Church History Association of India - 1993 "... the first of its kind in India, the Corresponding Committee ceased to exist, its responsibilities passing to the Calcutta ... brilliant, frail Cambridge scholar, Henry Martyn fired by the vision of translating the Bible into Hindi, Persian and Urdu crossed his path Carey presented him with a copy of his translation of the New Testament into〕 Presbyterian Samuel H. Kellogg who taught at the seminary in Allahabad〔Mal Couch, Russell Penney ''An introduction to classical evangelical hemeneutics'' 2000 Page 118 "Kellogg taught at the seminary in Allahabad and completed a monumental grammar on the Hindi language in 1875"〕 headed three translators working on translation of the Old Testament into Hindi, including William Hooper, of the Church Missionary Society, and Joseph Arthur Lambert.〔Mal Couch ''Dictionary of Premillennial Theology'' 1997 Page 228 "Kellogg's final task in India was to head a triad of translators of the Old Testament into Hindi. "So highly did his colleagues regard his knowledge of the Bible and Indie philology that after his death they asked for no successor, ."〕 Kellogg's ''Hindi Grammar'' (1876, 1893) is still consulted today.〔Jeffrey Cox ''Imperial fault lines: Christianity and colonial power in India'' 2002- Page 57 "Their Presbyterian colleague Samuel Kellogg's Hindi Grammar (1876, 1893) is still consulted today."〕 However, 18 years after Kellogg's death in 1899, Edwin Greaves of the London Missionary Society, and author of a ''Grammar of Modern Hindi'' (1896, 1908, 1921), in 1917 signalled his concerns about the adequacy of Hindi Bible translations in his ''Report on Protestant Hindi Christian literature''.〔Tej K. Bhatia ''A History of the Hindi Grammatical Tradition'' 1987 Page 163 "48 Two, because of Greaves's serious concerns about the adequacy of existing translations of the Bible into Hindi, utmost attention is paid to the problems of translating English into Hindi. The most important and urgent problem was..〕
In 2009, Jehovah's Witnesses released नयी दुनिया अनुवाद मसीही यूनानी शास्त्र, a translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures (the New Testament) in Hindi.
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